Chapter 1 -.THE COLD WAR ERA

The chapter starts with the beginning of Cold war in the contemporary world. The world has witnessed two world wars. the first world War  between 1914 and 1918 and the second world War between 1939 and 1945.In 1945, the cold war began in the world.
1.When did the cold war end?
Ans. Soon immediately after the end of the second world War, there started another war in the world ie.the cold war.It ended in the year 1991.
2.Name the two countries involved in the cold war?
Ans.  The USSR and the USA.
3.What do you understand by the term cold war?
Ans. It is the war between the two super powers ie the US and the USSR.It was about power rivalry, arms race,military alliances,balance of power and about the ideologies.
4.What were the two conflicting ideologies prevalent in the world during the cold war?
Ans. The US represented  ideology of liberal democracy and capitalism and the USSR represented the ideology of socialism and communism.
5.Name the two alliances that dominated the world during the cold war?
Ans.  The eastern alliance, headed by Soviet Union and the western alliance headed by USA.
6. Which event represented the high point of cold war?
Ans. The Cuban missile crises of April 1961.
7.Who was the President of of US  during the Cuban missile crises?
Ans. John.F.Kennedy
8. On which two Japanese cities did Us drop atomic bomb in 1945?
Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
9.The alliance system led by the two super powers threatened to divide the entire world into two camps.Where id this division first happened?
Ans. It first happened in Europe. Most countries of Western Europe sided with the US and those of Eastern Europe joined Soviet Union.
10. In which year did NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation)  came into existence?
Ans. In the year 1949.
11.What was the main objective of NATO?
Ans. It was an association of twelve states which declared that armed attack on any one of them in Europe or North America would be regarded as an attack on all of them.
12.What was Warsaw Pact?
Ans. Pact means an agreement. The Eastern alliance, also known as Warsaw pact,was led by Soviet Union, it was created in 1955.Its main objective was to counter NATO forces in Europe.
12.Define CEATO and SENTO.
Ans. South East Asian Treaty Organisation and Central Treaty Organisation. These are the two alliance system built by USA in East and South East Asia and in West Asia ie.Middle East.
13. What is NAM and where did the first NAM summit take place?
Ans. Non Alignment movement. The first NAM summit took place in 1961 at Belgrade.
14.Name the founder members of NAM.
Ans.Josip Broz Tito of Yugoslavia,Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt and Pt.Jawaharlal Nehru of India.Sukarno of Indonesia and Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana strongly supported them.
15. How many members attended the first NAM summit?
Ans. 25 member states.
16. In which year did India sign the Treaty of friendship with Soviet Union?
Ans. 1971.for a period of twenty years.
17.Which countries joined the Non Alignment movement?
Ans. The newly decolonised countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America.
18.Why did these newly independent countries wanted to join the NAM?
Ans. these countries did not want to join either of the military alliances. They wanted to pursue an independent foreign policy.
19.What do you understand by the term Eastern Alliances and Western Alliances?
Ans. Most countries of Western Europe sided with USA.They came to be known as the western alliance. The countries that sided with USSR were known as the Eastern alliance.
20.The years 1980,1990 and 1991 are significant during the cold war. Why?
Ans. In 1989 the Berlin Wall came down. In 1990 Germany was unified and in 1991 The Soviet Union disintegrated.
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